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Using the modern String#matchAll method

const s = "My cow always gives milk, thier cow also gives milk";
const matches = s.matchAll(/cow (.*?) milk/g);
console.log(Array.from(matches, x => x[1]));

##ECMAScript 2018 and newer compatible solution

##Scenario 1: Single-line input

##Scenario 2: Multiline input

##Scenario 3: Overlapping matches

##Performance considerations

###Sample regex usage in JavaScript:

//Single/First match expected: use no global modifier and access match[1]
console.log("My cow always gives milk".match(/cow (.*?) milk/)[1]);
// Multiple matches: get multiple matches with a global modifier and
// trim the results if length of leading/trailing delimiters is known
var s = "My cow always gives milk, thier cow also gives milk";
console.log(s.match(/cow (.*?) milk/g).map(function(x) {return x.substr(4,x.length-9);}));
//or use RegExp#exec inside a loop to collect all the Group 1 contents
var result = [], m, rx = /cow (.*?) milk/g;
while ((m=rx.exec(s)) !== null) {
  result.push(m[1]);
}
console.log(result);

ECMAScript 2018 and newer compatible solution

Scenario 1: Single-line input

Scenario 2: Multiline input

Scenario 3: Overlapping matches

Performance considerations

Sample regex usage in JavaScript:

//Single/First match expected: use no global modifier and access match[1]
console.log("My cow always gives milk".match(/cow (.*?) milk/)[1]);
// Multiple matches: get multiple matches with a global modifier and
// trim the results if length of leading/trailing delimiters is known
var s = "My cow always gives milk, thier cow also gives milk";
console.log(s.match(/cow (.*?) milk/g).map(function(x) {return x.substr(4,x.length-9);}));
//or use RegExp#exec inside a loop to collect all the Group 1 contents
var result = [], m, rx = /cow (.*?) milk/g;
while ((m=rx.exec(s)) !== null) {
  result.push(m[1]);
}
console.log(result);

Regular Expression to get a string between two strings in Javascript

The most complete solution that will work in the vast majority of cases is using a capturing group with a lazy dot matching pattern. However, a dot . in JS regex does not match line break characters, so, what will work in 100% cases is a [^] or [\s\S]/[\d\D]/[\w\W] constructs.

In JS environments supporting ECMAScript 2018, s modifier allows . to match any char including line break chars, and the regex engine supports lookbehinds of variable length. So, you may use a regex like

This and all other scenarios below are supported by all JS environments. See usage examples at the bottom of the answer.

###Sample regex usage in JavaScript:

//Single/First match expected: use no global modifier and access match[1]
console.log("My cow always gives milk".match(/cow (.*?) milk/)[1]);
// Multiple matches: get multiple matches with a global modifier and 
// trim the results if length of leading/trailing delimiters is known
var s = "My cow always gives milk, thier cow also gives milk";
console.log(s.match(/cow (.*?) milk/g).map(function(x) {return x.substr(4,x.length-9);}));
//or use RegExp#exec inside a loop to collect all the Group 1 contents
var result = [], m, rx = /cow (.*?) milk/g;
while ((m=rx.exec(s)) !== null) {
  result.push(m[1]);
}
console.log(result);

Regular expression to get a string between two strings in JavaScript

The most complete solution that will work in the vast majority of cases is using a capturing group with a lazy dot matching pattern. However, a dot . in JavaScript regex does not match line break characters, so, what will work in 100% cases is a [^] or [\s\S]/[\d\D]/[\w\W] constructs.

In JavaScript environments supporting ECMAScript 2018, s modifier allows . to match any char including line break chars, and the regex engine supports lookbehinds of variable length. So, you may use a regex like

This and all other scenarios below are supported by all JavaScript environments. See usage examples at the bottom of the answer.

###Sample regex usage in JavaScript:

//Single/First match expected: use no global modifier and access match[1]
console.log("My cow always gives milk".match(/cow (.*?) milk/)[1]);
// Multiple matches: get multiple matches with a global modifier and
// trim the results if length of leading/trailing delimiters is known
var s = "My cow always gives milk, thier cow also gives milk";
console.log(s.match(/cow (.*?) milk/g).map(function(x) {return x.substr(4,x.length-9);}));
//or use RegExp#exec inside a loop to collect all the Group 1 contents
var result = [], m, rx = /cow (.*?) milk/g;
while ((m=rx.exec(s)) !== null) {
  result.push(m[1]);
}
console.log(result);