What is happening is that every time you call recursively the function the value of answer is set to 0. You can change it to:
answer = 0
def recursion(x):
global answer
if( x > 10 ):
answer += 1
return recursion( x - 1)
return answer
print(recursion(15)
And a better implementation would be:
def recursion(x):
if( x > 10 ):
return 1 + recursion(x - 1)
return 0