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  • VM is an example of hardware virtualization, if I am not mistaken. OS virtualization is container, right? Commented Feb 22, 2024 at 10:17
  • Network virtualization is also hardware virtualization. Commented Feb 22, 2024 at 10:36
  • @pjc50 In case of virtual box software, we can simulate cpu/ram/storage(computer hardware components) etc via software. Does the same thing happen in Network Virtualization with regards to networking hardware components like routers/switches? Commented Feb 22, 2024 at 10:50
  • "Simulate" and "Virtualize" are not quite the same thing; but yes you can get a single physical network interface to pretend to be multiple interfaces, or a switch port to route several virtual networks (VLANs) over one physical cable. Commented Feb 22, 2024 at 11:25
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    @Max ? not sure I understand the question - of course it happens programmatically, each packet comes off the wire and is handed to the top level OS or hypervisor to decide what to do with. Commented Feb 22, 2024 at 13:39