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writeToDatabasefails it could trigger an exception thus making your secondaddfunction produce an exception sometimes even if called with the same arguments that before didn't have problems... most of the time having side effects introduces this kind of error-related conditions that break "input-output purity".F(x)is defined to returntrueif it's called with the same argument as the previous call. Clearly with the sequence{1,2,2} => {undefined, false, true}this is deterministic, yet it gives different outputs forF(2).