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public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
  }
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    if (typeOf(rectangle) == Rectangle)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
    }
    if (typeof(rectangle) == Square)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.04880884817;
    }
  }
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(
    rectangles, 
    new User() { Department = Department.Accounting });
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles, User user)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    if (typeOf(rectangle) == Rectangle || user.Department == Department.Accounting)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
    }
    else if (typeof(rectangle) == Square)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.04880884817;
    }
  }
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
  }
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    if (typeof(rectangle) == Rectangle)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
    }
    if (typeof(rectangle) == Square)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.04880884817;
    }
  }
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(
    rectangles, 
    new User() { Department = Department.Accounting });
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles, User user)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    if (typeof(rectangle) == Rectangle || user.Department == Department.Accounting)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
    }
    else if (typeof(rectangle) == Square)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.04880884817;
    }
  }
}

This anecdote is based on so much real-world code that's currently out there. Violations of the Liskov Substitution principle can introduce very subtle bugs that only get picked up years after they're written, by which time fixing the violation will break a bunch of things and not fixing it will anger your biggest client.

This anecdote is based on real-world situations that face programmers daily. Violations of the Liskov Substitution principle can introduce very subtle bugs that only get picked up years after they're written, by which time fixing the violation will break a bunch of things and not fixing it will anger your biggest client.

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(rectangles, new User() { Department = Department.Accounting });
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles, User user)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    if (typeOf(rectangle) == Rectangle || user.Department == Department.Accounting)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
    }
    else if (typeof(rectangle) == Square)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.04880884817;
    }
  }
}

The second way is to break the inheritance chain between squares and rectangles. If a square is defined has having a single SideLength property and rectangles have a Length and Width property and there is no inheritance, it's impossible to accidentally break things by expecting a rectangle and getting a square. In C# terms, you could seal your rectangle class, which ensures that all Rectangles you ever get are actually Rectangles.

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles)
{
  IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(
    rectangles, 
    new User() { Department = Department.Accounting });
}

public void IncreaseRectangleSizeByTenPercent(IEnumerable<Rectangle> rectangles, User user)
{
  foreach(var rectangle in rectangles)
  {
    if (typeOf(rectangle) == Rectangle || user.Department == Department.Accounting)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.1;
    }
    else if (typeof(rectangle) == Square)
    {
      rectangle.Length = rectangle.Length * 1.04880884817;
    }
  }
}

The second way is to break the inheritance chain between squares and rectangles. If a square is defined as having a single SideLength property and rectangles have a Length and Width property and there is no inheritance, it's impossible to accidentally break things by expecting a rectangle and getting a square. In C# terms, you could seal your rectangle class, which ensures that all Rectangles you ever get are actually Rectangles.