Revisions to Sending a C++ array to Python/NumPy and back

replaced http://stackoverflow.com/ with https://stackoverflow.com/

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edited May 23, 2017 at 12:40

Community Bot

1

It's not recommended to use using namespace std; — the problem is that this imports all of the identifiers from std, and some of these may shadow names from other modules that you need to use. See this question on Stack Overflow this question on Stack Overflow.
The code doesn't check for success/failure of many of the functions it calls. These can all fail:

It's not recommended to use using namespace std; — the problem is that this imports all of the identifiers from std, and some of these may shadow names from other modules that you need to use. See this question on Stack Overflow.
The code doesn't check for success/failure of many of the functions it calls. These can all fail:

It's not recommended to use using namespace std; — the problem is that this imports all of the identifiers from std, and some of these may shadow names from other modules that you need to use. See this question on Stack Overflow.
The code doesn't check for success/failure of many of the functions it calls. These can all fail:

corrected typo in the code

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edit approved May 17, 2016 at 5:01

rowman

304
1
3
10

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int result = EXIT_FAILURE;

    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
    Py_Initialize();
    import_array();

    // Build the 2D array in C++
    const int SIZE = 10;
    npy_intp dims[2]{SIZE, SIZE};
    const int ND = 2;
    long double(*c_arr)[SIZE]{ new long double[SIZE][SIZE] };
    if (!c_arr) {
        std::cerr << "Out of memory." << std::endl;
        goto fail_c_array;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
            c_arr[i][j] = i * SIZE + j;

    // Convert it to a NumPy array.
    PyObject *pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(
        ND, dims, NPY_LONGDOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
    if (!pArray)
        goto fail_np_array;
    PyArrayObject *np_arr = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pArray);

    // import mymodule.array_tutorial
    const char *module_name = "mymodule";
    PyObject *pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
    if (!pName)
        goto fail_name;
    PyObject *pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    if (!pModule)
        goto fail_import;
    const char *func_name = "array_tutorial";
    PyObject *pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
    if (!pFunc)
        goto fail_getattr;
    if (!PyCallable_Check(pFunc)){
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " is not callable." << std::endl;
        goto fail_callable;
    }

    // np_ret = mymodule.array_tutorial(np_arr)
    PyObject *pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
    if (!pReturn)
        goto fail_call;
    if (!PyArray_Check(pReturn)) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " did not return an array." << std::endl;
        goto fail_array_check;
    }
    PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
    if (PyArray_NDIM(np_ret) != ND - 1) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " returned array with wrong dimension." << std::endl;
        goto fail_ndim;
    }

    // Convert back to C++ array and print.
    int len = PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0];
    c_out = reinterpret_cast<long double*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));
    std::cout << "Printing output array" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        std::cout << c_out[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << std::endl;
    result = EXIT_SUCCESS;

fail_ndim:
fail_array_check:
    Py_DECREF(pReturn);
fail_call:
fail_callable:
    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
fail_getattr:
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
fail_import:
fail_name:
    Py_DECREF(pArray);
fail_np_array:
    delete[] c_arr;
fail_c_array:
    if (PyErr_Check())
        PyErr_Print();  
    PyFinalize();
    resultreturn result;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int result = EXIT_FAILURE;

    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
    Py_Initialize();
    import_array();

    // Build the 2D array in C++
    const int SIZE = 10;
    npy_intp dims[2]{SIZE, SIZE};
    const int ND = 2;
    long double(*c_arr)[SIZE]{ new long double[SIZE][SIZE] };
    if (!c_arr) {
        std::cerr << "Out of memory." << std::endl;
        goto fail_c_array;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
            c_arr[i][j] = i * SIZE + j;

    // Convert it to a NumPy array.
    PyObject *pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(
        ND, dims, NPY_LONGDOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
    if (!pArray)
        goto fail_np_array;
    PyArrayObject *np_arr = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pArray);

    // import mymodule.array_tutorial
    const char *module_name = "mymodule";
    PyObject *pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
    if (!pName)
        goto fail_name;
    PyObject *pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    if (!pModule)
        goto fail_import;
    const char *func_name = "array_tutorial";
    PyObject *pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
    if (!pFunc)
        goto fail_getattr;
    if (!PyCallable_Check(pFunc)){
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " is not callable." << std::endl;
        goto fail_callable;
    }

    // np_ret = mymodule.array_tutorial(np_arr)
    PyObject *pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
    if (!pReturn)
        goto fail_call;
    if (!PyArray_Check(pReturn)) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " did not return an array." << std::endl;
        goto fail_array_check;
    }
    PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
    if (PyArray_NDIM(np_ret) != ND - 1) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " returned array with wrong dimension." << std::endl;
        goto fail_ndim;
    }

    // Convert back to C++ array and print.
    int len = PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0];
    c_out = reinterpret_cast<long double*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));
    std::cout << "Printing output array" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        std::cout << c_out[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << std::endl;
    result = EXIT_SUCCESS;

fail_ndim:
fail_array_check:
    Py_DECREF(pReturn);
fail_call:
fail_callable:
    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
fail_getattr:
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
fail_import:
fail_name:
    Py_DECREF(pArray);
fail_np_array:
    delete[] c_arr;
fail_c_array:
    if (PyErr_Check())
        PyErr_Print();  
    PyFinalize();
    result result;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int result = EXIT_FAILURE;

    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
    Py_Initialize();
    import_array();

    // Build the 2D array in C++
    const int SIZE = 10;
    npy_intp dims[2]{SIZE, SIZE};
    const int ND = 2;
    long double(*c_arr)[SIZE]{ new long double[SIZE][SIZE] };
    if (!c_arr) {
        std::cerr << "Out of memory." << std::endl;
        goto fail_c_array;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
            c_arr[i][j] = i * SIZE + j;

    // Convert it to a NumPy array.
    PyObject *pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(
        ND, dims, NPY_LONGDOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
    if (!pArray)
        goto fail_np_array;
    PyArrayObject *np_arr = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pArray);

    // import mymodule.array_tutorial
    const char *module_name = "mymodule";
    PyObject *pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
    if (!pName)
        goto fail_name;
    PyObject *pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    if (!pModule)
        goto fail_import;
    const char *func_name = "array_tutorial";
    PyObject *pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
    if (!pFunc)
        goto fail_getattr;
    if (!PyCallable_Check(pFunc)){
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " is not callable." << std::endl;
        goto fail_callable;
    }

    // np_ret = mymodule.array_tutorial(np_arr)
    PyObject *pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
    if (!pReturn)
        goto fail_call;
    if (!PyArray_Check(pReturn)) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " did not return an array." << std::endl;
        goto fail_array_check;
    }
    PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
    if (PyArray_NDIM(np_ret) != ND - 1) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " returned array with wrong dimension." << std::endl;
        goto fail_ndim;
    }

    // Convert back to C++ array and print.
    int len = PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0];
    c_out = reinterpret_cast<long double*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));
    std::cout << "Printing output array" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        std::cout << c_out[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << std::endl;
    result = EXIT_SUCCESS;

fail_ndim:
fail_array_check:
    Py_DECREF(pReturn);
fail_call:
fail_callable:
    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
fail_getattr:
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
fail_import:
fail_name:
    Py_DECREF(pArray);
fail_np_array:
    delete[] c_arr;
fail_c_array:
    if (PyErr_Check())
        PyErr_Print();  
    PyFinalize();
    return result;
}

small code fixes

Source Link

edited Jun 29, 2015 at 21:35

Gareth Rees

50.1k
3
130
211

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int result = EXIT_FAILURE;

    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
    Py_Initialize();
    import_array();

    // Build the 2D array in C++
    const int SIZE = 10;
    npy_intp dims[2]{SIZE, SIZE};
    const int ND = 2;
    long double(*c_arr)[SIZE]{ new long double[SIZE][SIZE] };
    if (!c_arr) {
        std::cerr << "Out of memory." << std::endl;
        goto fail_c_array;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
            c_arr[i][j] = i * SIZE + j;

    // Convert it to a NumPy array.
    PyObject *pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(
        ND, dims, NPY_LONGDOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
    if (!pArray)
        goto fail_np_array;
    PyArrayObject *np_arr = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pArray);

    // import mymodule.array_tutorial
    const char *module_name = "mymodule";
    PyObject *pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
    if (!pName)
        goto fail_name;
    PyObject *pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    if (!pModule)
        goto fail_import;
    const char *func_name = "array_tutorial";
    PyObject *pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
    if (!pFunc)
        goto fail_getattr;
    if (!PyCallable_Check(pFunc)){
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " is not callable." << std::endl;
        goto fail_callable;
    }

    // np_ret = mymodule.array_tutorial(np_arr)
    PyObject *pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
    if (!pReturn)
        goto fail_call;
    if (!PyArray_Check(pReturn)) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << "did" did not return an array." << std::endl;
        goto fail_array_check;
    }
    PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
    if (PyArray_NDIM(np_ret) != ND - 1) {
        std::cerr << "array_tutorial returned array withmodule_name wrong<< dimension"." << func_name
                  << " returned array with wrong dimension." << std::endl;
        goto fail_ndim;
    }

    // Convert back to C++ array and print.
    int len = PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0];
    c_out = reinterpret_cast<long double*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));
    std::cout << "Printing output array" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        std::cout << c_out[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << std::endl;
    result = EXIT_SUCCESS;

fail_ndim:
fail_array_check:
    Py_DECREF(pReturn);
fail_call:
fail_callable:
    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
fail_getattr:
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
fail_import:
fail_name:
    Py_DECREF(pArray);
fail_np_array:
    delete[] c_arr;
fail_c_array:
    if (PyErr_Check())
        PyErr_Print()  ;  
    PyFinalize();
    result result;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int result = EXIT_FAILURE;

    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
    Py_Initialize();
    import_array();

    // Build the 2D array in C++
    const int SIZE = 10;
    npy_intp dims[2]{SIZE, SIZE};
    const int ND = 2;
    long double(*c_arr)[SIZE]{ new long double[SIZE][SIZE] };
    if (!c_arr) {
        std::cerr << "Out of memory." << std::endl;
        goto fail_c_array;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
            c_arr[i][j] = i * SIZE + j;

    // Convert it to a NumPy array.
    PyObject *pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(
        ND, dims, NPY_LONGDOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
    if (!pArray)
        goto fail_np_array;
    PyArrayObject *np_arr = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pArray);

    // import mymodule.array_tutorial
    const char *module_name = "mymodule";
    PyObject *pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
    if (!pName)
        goto fail_name;
    PyObject *pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    if (!pModule)
        goto fail_import;
    const char *func_name = "array_tutorial";
    PyObject *pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
    if (!pFunc)
        goto fail_getattr;
    if (!PyCallable_Check(pFunc)){
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " is not callable." << std::endl;
        goto fail_callable;
    }

    // np_ret = mymodule.array_tutorial(np_arr)
    PyObject *pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
    if (!pReturn)
        goto fail_call;
    if (!PyArray_Check(pReturn)) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << "did not return an array." << std::endl;
        goto fail_array_check;
    }
    PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
    if (PyArray_NDIM(np_ret) != ND - 1) {
        std::cerr << "array_tutorial returned array with wrong dimension."
                  << std::endl;
        goto fail_ndim;
    }

    // Convert back to C++ array and print.
    int len = PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0];
    c_out = reinterpret_cast<long double*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));
    std::cout << "Printing output array" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        std::cout << c_out[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << std::endl;
    result = EXIT_SUCCESS;

fail_ndim:
fail_array_check:
    Py_DECREF(pReturn);
fail_call:
fail_callable:
    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
fail_getattr:
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
fail_import:
fail_name:
    Py_DECREF(pArray);
fail_np_array:
    delete[] c_arr;
fail_c_array:
    if (PyErr_Check())
        PyErr_Print()    
    PyFinalize();
    result result;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int result = EXIT_FAILURE;

    Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
    Py_Initialize();
    import_array();

    // Build the 2D array in C++
    const int SIZE = 10;
    npy_intp dims[2]{SIZE, SIZE};
    const int ND = 2;
    long double(*c_arr)[SIZE]{ new long double[SIZE][SIZE] };
    if (!c_arr) {
        std::cerr << "Out of memory." << std::endl;
        goto fail_c_array;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
            c_arr[i][j] = i * SIZE + j;

    // Convert it to a NumPy array.
    PyObject *pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(
        ND, dims, NPY_LONGDOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
    if (!pArray)
        goto fail_np_array;
    PyArrayObject *np_arr = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pArray);

    // import mymodule.array_tutorial
    const char *module_name = "mymodule";
    PyObject *pName = PyUnicode_FromString(module_name);
    if (!pName)
        goto fail_name;
    PyObject *pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    if (!pModule)
        goto fail_import;
    const char *func_name = "array_tutorial";
    PyObject *pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
    if (!pFunc)
        goto fail_getattr;
    if (!PyCallable_Check(pFunc)){
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " is not callable." << std::endl;
        goto fail_callable;
    }

    // np_ret = mymodule.array_tutorial(np_arr)
    PyObject *pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
    if (!pReturn)
        goto fail_call;
    if (!PyArray_Check(pReturn)) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " did not return an array." << std::endl;
        goto fail_array_check;
    }
    PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
    if (PyArray_NDIM(np_ret) != ND - 1) {
        std::cerr << module_name << "." << func_name
                  << " returned array with wrong dimension." << std::endl;
        goto fail_ndim;
    }

    // Convert back to C++ array and print.
    int len = PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0];
    c_out = reinterpret_cast<long double*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));
    std::cout << "Printing output array" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        std::cout << c_out[i] << ' ';
    std::cout << std::endl;
    result = EXIT_SUCCESS;

fail_ndim:
fail_array_check:
    Py_DECREF(pReturn);
fail_call:
fail_callable:
    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
fail_getattr:
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
fail_import:
fail_name:
    Py_DECREF(pArray);
fail_np_array:
    delete[] c_arr;
fail_c_array:
    if (PyErr_Check())
        PyErr_Print();  
    PyFinalize();
    result result;
}

Bounty Awarded with 50 reputation awarded by rowman

occurred Jun 14, 2015 at 3:44

PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs

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edited Jun 1, 2015 at 12:51

Gareth Rees

50.1k
3
130
211

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DRY

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edited Jun 1, 2015 at 12:26

Gareth Rees

50.1k
3
130
211

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answered Jun 1, 2015 at 12:20

Gareth Rees

50.1k
3
130
211

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