Your five functions only differ by the predicate used to test each character, so you could have a single one parametrized by said predicate:

def fulfill_condition(predicate, string):
    for character in string:
        if predicate(character):
            return True
    return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = input()
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isalnum, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isalpha, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isdigit, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.islower, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isupper, s))

Note that you don't need to convert the string to a list for this to work, strings are already iterables.

Now we can simplify fulfill_condition even further by analysing that it applies the predicate to each character and returns whether any one of them returned True. This can be written:

def fulfill_condition(predicate, string):
    return any(map(predicate, string))

Lastly, if you really want to have 5 different functions, you can use functools.partial:

from functools import partial


func_alnum = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isalnum)
func_isalpha = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isalpha)
func_isdigit = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isdigit)
func_islower = partial(fulfill_condition, str.islower)
func_isupper = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isupper)

Your five functions only differ by the predicate used to test each character, so you could have a single one parametrized by said predicate:

def fulfill_condition(predicate, string):
    for character in string:
        if predicate(character):
            return True
    return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = input()
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isalnum, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isalpha, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isdigit, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.islower, s))
    print(fulfill_condition(str.isupper, s))

Note that you don't need to convert the string to a list for this to work, strings are already iterables.

Now we can simplify fulfill_condition even further by analysing that it applies the predicate to each character and returns whether any one of them is True. This can be written:

def fulfill_condition(predicate, string):
    return any(map(predicate, string))

Lastly, if you really want to have 5 different functions, you can use functools.partial:

from functools import partial


func_alnum = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isalnum)
func_isalpha = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isalpha)
func_isdigit = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isdigit)
func_islower = partial(fulfill_condition, str.islower)
func_isupper = partial(fulfill_condition, str.isupper)